Notes on Acids, Bases, and Salts
Acids Definition : Substances that produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. Examples: - Hydrochloric acid (HCl) - Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) - Nitric acid (HNO₃) - Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) Types of Acids: 1. Inorganic Acids : Acids without carbon atoms (except H₂CO₃). Strong acids. Examples: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃. 2. Organic Acids: Acids containing carbon, derived from plants or animals. Weak acids. Examples: - Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) - Vinegar - Citric acid (C₆H₈O₇) - Lemon, Tomato - Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, C₆H₈O₆) - Fruits and vegetables Properties : 1. Sour taste (except some like boric acid). 2. Turns blue litmus red. 3. Corrosive and can damage skin. 4. React with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Uses : - Sulphuric acid: Fertilizers, detergents. - Hydrochloric acid: PVC manufacturing. - Nitric acid: Plastics, explosives. - Acetic acid: Flavoring, pickling. - Ascorbic acid: Vitamin C source. Bases Definition : Substances...